46th BCS G.K

First celebrated in 2001, marking the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention.

Explanation:

• The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.

• It was established in 1997 to assist the UN in addressing issues like drug trafficking, crime prevention, corruption, and terrorism.

• It is part of the UN Secretariat and works closely with member states, law enforcement, and NGOs.

Explanation:

• The original Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between Bangladesh and India was signed on 16 May 1974 by then-Prime Ministers Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Indira Gandhi

• The Protocol to make the agreement operational—detailing the modalities for exchanging enclaves and border demarcation—was signed on 6 September 2011 in Dhaka, during Indian PM Manmohan Singh’s visit .

• Full implementation followed later, with ratification and constitutional amendments in 2015, when the agreement formally entered into force .

Explanation:

• Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

• It is located in northern Syria and has been a major cultural and commercial center for centuries.

• Aleppo was heavily affected during the Syrian Civil War, drawing global attention to the humanitarian crisis.

বিশ্লেষণ: বর্তমানে G‑77 জোটে অন্তর্ভুক্ত রয়েছে ১৩৫টি উন্নয়নশীল দেশ ।

বিশ্লেষণ: লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ১.২-এর আওতায় নির্ধারিত হয়েছে দুর্ভিক্ষ ও দারিদ্র্য সম্পর্কিত এই লক্ষ্য

বিশ্লেষণ: এই আন্তর্জাতিক উদ্যোক্তা প্রকল্প চালু করতে শিল্পায়ণের ক্ষেত্রে নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছে চীন

বিশ্লেষণ: ১৯৭২ সালে বাংলাদেশ ILO–র সদস্যপদ অর্জন করে ।

Explanation:

The Twelve Tables (Latin: Lex Duodecim Tabularum) were the earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code of law. They were established around 450 BCE and are considered the foundation of Roman law. These laws were inscribed on bronze tablets and publicly displayed so all Roman citizens could know the law and be equally protected.

Explanation:

The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, near the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan. It is the highest battlefield in the world, where troops from both countries are deployed year-round under extremely harsh conditions.

Explanation:

• Goal 4 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is:
  👉 “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.”

• This goal emphasizes universal access to education at all levels, improving learning outcomes, and eliminating gender and wealth disparities in education

Explanation:

• The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

• It specifically addresses the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology.

• It aims to protect biological diversity and human health from potential risks associated with GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms).

Explanation:

• ‘Fridays For Future’ is a global environmental movement started by Greta Thunberg, a Swedish climate activist.

• It began in 2018 when she started skipping school on Fridays to protest outside the Swedish Parliament, demanding stronger action on climate change.

• The movement has since inspired millions of young people worldwide to advocate for urgent environmental policies.

Explanation:

• The President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is elected by the members of the Court.

• The term of office for the President (and the Vice-President) is 3 years, and they may be re-elected.

• Meanwhile, ICJ judges are elected for 9-year terms.

ব্যাখ্যা:

• উদারবাদ (Liberalism) আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্কের একটি তত্ত্ব যা বিশ্বাস করে যে আন্তর্জাতিক প্রতিষ্ঠান (যেমন: জাতিসংঘ, WTO, EU) সহনশীলতা, সহযোগিতা এবং শান্তি রক্ষায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ও কার্যকর ভূমিকা পালন করতে পারে।

• এটি সংঘাত কমানো, আন্তর্জাতিক আইন মান্য করা, এবং পারস্পরিক নির্ভরতা বৃদ্ধির মাধ্যমে শান্তিপূর্ণ সহাবস্থানকে উৎসাহিত করে।

• অন্যদিকে, বাস্তববাদ (Realism) মূলত বলপ্রয়োগ, স্বার্থ ও ক্ষমতা রাজনীতির ওপর জোর দেয় এবং প্রতিষ্ঠানের কার্যকারিতা নিয়ে সন্দিহান।